Radiobiology and Radiation Safety

Gamma-irradiation Induces The Nuclear And Nucleolar Changes In Plant Meristematiccells: An Ultrastructural And Optical Tomography Approaches

2023-02-22T14:10:36+04:00

The ultrastructural analysis combined with optical tomographic approach performed by means of serial semithin sections has been utilized to study 3D nuclear and nucleolar changes induced by acute γ-radiation of onion (Alllium cepa L.) root tips. To discriminate dose-dependent nuclear/nucleolar reaction at the photonic and electron microscope levels we utilized medium (2.5 Gy) and high (5.0 Gy) doses of irradiation. . 137Cs was used as a source of γ-radiation. Our results are indicative to profound micro- and ultrastructural changes related to morphological signs of the radiation induced inhibition of entire nuclear/cell metabolism. Therefore, the nucleolar reaction fits perfectly all requests to be served as reliable criterion of plant cells and tissues functional state in postradiation period. Additionally, the intensity of developing postradiation nuclear/nucleolar damages correlates with the dose impact. Most likely these alterations are strictly doze-dependent.

Gonadal Dysgenesis As A Marker Of Genomic Instability In Populations Of Drosophila Melanogaster From Different Of Radiation Factor Impact Regions Of Ukraine

2023-02-22T14:16:26+04:00

To investigate the differences of the gonadal dysgenesis frequency as an indicator of the activation of mobile elements through natural populations of Drosophіla melanogaster, selected from Ukrainian regions with different radiation impact. Follow-up study of the dynamics of this indicator under chronic exposure in laboratory conditions for 10 generations. The study was conducted in two stages. The first one included trapping of insects in regions with different radiation load with subsequent assessment of both the time of maturation and the index of the gonadal dysgenesis through the first (F1) generation, obtained in laboratory conditions. At the second stage, the dynamics of this indicator was investigated for the F1- descendants of each ten consequent generations, which were developed both with and without additional gamma-exposure. Differences of the gonadal dysgenesis frequency as an indicator of the activation of mobile elements were revealed in F1 - descendants of natural populations of Drosophіla melanogaster, selected from regions of different radiation impact. Under conditions of additional low rate chronic irradiation in laboratory conditions for 10 generations, significant differences in changes in the level and dynamics of this indicator were established depending on the accumulated dose of Drosophila populations fromthe city of Netishyn (Khmelnytskyi NPP) and Magarach city. There were no signs of adaptation.

The discrepancy between the real and expected biological effects has reflected the difference in the intensity of the radiation background, which was traditionally determined by the gamma - emitters and did not take into account the wide range of other genotoxic elements from nuclear power emissions. A complex, non monotonic type of frequency dynamics of gonadal dysgenesis could be determined by the interaction of radiation damage, protection and recovery.

Effect Of Ionizing Radiation On Atpases

2023-02-22T14:20:34+04:00

Ionizing radiation (IR) has sufficient energy to ionize atoms by detaching electrons from them and promotes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS perform a multitude of signaling functions in different organisms from bacteria to mammalian cells. They were initially considered as a toxic byproducts of aerobic metabolism, but have now been acknowledged as important players in the complex signaling network of cells. Redox signaling is a result of a reversible, covalent modification of specific cysteine thiol residues in active and allosteric sites of proteins, which results in the alteration of protein structure and function. The Na,K-ATPase is activated with an “optimal redox potential range,” where the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels beyond this “optimal range”, are responsible for enzyme inhibition. Thus the effect of reactive oxygen species is expressed by biphasic action; stimulation by low doses and inhibition by high doses, which is a manifestation of a hormetic effect. This study was aimed to reveal the effect of IR treatment on the synaptic membrane fractions Na,K-ATPase and Mg-ATPase of the mouse brain. IR (1Gy and 5Gy) treatment of mice results in the alteration of the Na,K-ATPase and Mg-ATPase activity. Na,K-ATPase activity is increased during the initial 3 weeks, after 3 weeks enzyme activity is decreased, while MgATPase activity only increased during the study.

Evaluation Of Differently Expressed Genes In Irradiated And Intact Mice To Study Radioactive Aging Phenomenon

2023-02-22T15:40:24+04:00

The question about processes which lie behind aging of organisms still does not have an unambiguous answer. The main reason of this uncertainty are numerous manifestation forms and effects participating in this process at various structural and functional levels of the organization of living organisms. In order to specify the processes involved in the aging effect, we used two methodological stages: 1. we analyzed RNA sequences from publicly available databases to find differently expressed genes in old and young mice and mice after radiation exposure; 2. compared obtained set of genes with genes recognized as age related. If we take into the account that we can possibly dose the acceleration of aging process by varying radiation exposure, then the identification of specific genes can significantly narrow the genetic spectrum which is most important for the aging of organisms. Given the high degree of similarity of the investigated mice genes with the human genome, this methodological approach can lead us towards unification of integrative mechanisms of aging, and the development of methods for biomedical monitoring of this process.

Accessory Spleen Cyst: A Case Report

2023-02-22T15:46:01+04:00

Cystic disease of the spleen is a relatively rare disease. It is classified either as a true primary cyst or as a secondary pseudocyst. Most splenic cysts are pseudocysts, which have nonepithelial lining, and are caused by previous abdominal blunt trauma. Conversely, primary splenic cysts have epithelial lining and are subdivided into parasitic and non-parasitic cysts. The nonparasitic primary splenic cyst is considered congenital and comprises about 10% of all splenic cysts.
Total or partial splenectomy is the treatment of choice, but parasitic infection must be excluded prior to an operation. In this present report, we described a symptomatic and managed non-parasitic extra splenic cyst.

Effect Of Acute Gamma Irradiation On The Behavioral Parameters In White Mice

2023-02-22T15:49:34+04:00

High doses of ionizing radiation exposure have been shown to induce impairments in the limbic system. As hippocampal abnormalities have been linked to an impairment of behavioral functions, the present work aimed to investigate whether exposure to 5Gy of ionizing radiation can develop behavioral deficits in adult mice. White mice (Mus musculus) were irradiated with 137Cs. Experimental animals were tested in an open field maze over a period of 30 days after irradiation. A study of open-field parameters revealed that gamma irradiation can be considered a radiobiological factor inducing anxiety and emotionality in mice.

Megakaryoblasts And Erythroblasts In Mice Bone Marrow After Gamma-irradiation With Sublethal Doses. Extracellular Ubiquitin Effect

2023-02-22T15:52:18+04:00

Studies show that erythropoiesis and thrombopoiesis are interrelated. We provided cytological and statistical analyses of elevation-depletion picks for megakaryocytes and erythroblasts in bone marrow (BM) and the passage of mature cells into the bloodstream (PB) of irradiated mice. The source of radiation was 137Cs with dose rate 1Gy/min., due exposure 5min. Nonlinear white mice of 23±2gr. were used for tests. Animals were divided into three groups: the first control group of intact mice; the second test group of mice irradiated with the dose of LD50 5Gy; the third test group of mice irradiated with 5Gy intraperitoneally injected with ubiquitin at the 72-hour point after irradiation. PB and BM samples from the control group and the test groups of mice have been taken every 24 hours after irradiation for 7 days. Microscopy and statistical methods have been used for calculation of cell count of PB and BM.

Analysis of the most active periods of bone marrow spontaneous regeneration - 3-5th days – showed us that intraperitoneally injected ubiquitin modulates the ratio of erythroblast/megakaryocytesand descends pick sizes during proliferative activity in BM. Thrombocytosis detected in the second groupcounterbalanced by ubiquitin in the third group. Erythrocyte’s count remained almost unchanged. One can assume that Platelet count increase in PB is associated with passage of both megakaryocytes and morphologically transformed erythroblasts. Further investigation with appliance of more sophisticated technics is necessary to evince feasibility of ubiquitin involvement in erythroblast/platelet transition. Probability of prevention of thrombocytosis by extracellular ubiquitin is high. More so as ubiquitins ability to moderate leukocyte regeneration picks was corroborated by our previous works.

Radiobiological Hypothesis Of The Evolution Of Georgian Wheat

2023-02-22T15:56:33+04:00

The efficiency of research on the origin and evolution of crop species is largely determined by the development of multidisciplinary theoretical and methodological approaches. Modern molecular genetics and archaeological techniques have revealed new aspects of the theory of centers of the origin of crop species. Based on this, the issue of the evolution of Georgian wheat landraces is one of the most important scientific tasks for understanding the processes of unique gene centers formation outside the known boundaries of the spreading cultural zones. In thisaspect, the search for factors of the possible effect on the evolution of specific species can significantly advance us in understanding the formation of isolated groups of the genus Triticum L. Despite many years of study on this issue, the absence of a definitive, generally accepted pattern of the origin of all species of wheat makes it difficult to ascertain the exact phylogeny of both ancestors and the genus as a whole. In our studies, we considered the possibility that radiation factor may be involved in the evolution of Georgian landraces. It is shown that in the case of the radiation effect, conditions are created for evolutionary changes towardthe polyploidization of species.The use of endemic species: Triticum monocoсcum L- 2n = 14, Triticum timopheevii (Zhuk) Zhuk.-2n=28, Triticum macha Dekapr. & Menabde - 2n=42, Triticum zhukovskyi Menabde & Ericzjan- 2n=42, Triticum dicoccum Schrank ex Schübler - 2n = 28, Triticum aestivum 2n = 42. Revealed clear dependence of radioresistance on the level of their ploidy. Having examined the places where endemic wheat species were found and matched them tothe background radiation of this zone, the conclusion is made about the possibility of the impact of the radiation factor on the evolutionary process of Georgian wheat landraces.

Health Peculiarities Of The Employees In Interventional Medical Care

2023-02-22T16:01:58+04:00

According to the prognosis of WHO experts, ischemic heart diseases as well as cerebrovascular diseases in the world will occupy a prominent place among the ten leading causes of disease burden by 2030, which will further increase the number of people involved in the management of these pathologies as well as the number of employees in this field. Among the modern methods of the treatment of cardiovascular pathologies, interventional cardio therapy has achieved significant advancement in recent years. The purpose of the study was to determine the characteristics of health disorders of medical personnel employed in specialized procedures (coronary interventional cardiology). The objects of the research were: medical personnel working in coronary interventional cardiology and workers of cardiac catheterization laboratories of medical centers. The criteria for the inclusion of clinics in the study were: the presence of an interventional cardiology department, the smooth operation of the mentioned department during the last 3 years and involvement in the General Healthcare Programme with the emergency inpatient service. 56 employees of the catheterization laboratory were interviewed with the questionnaire prepared by us. Among them, 21 were interventional medical workers (all males), 11 were interventional assistants (all males), and 24 were catheterization laboratory nurses (9 females and 15 males). Factors of the work environment and work mode affect the health status of the employees. Among the interviewees, there was a high level of evidence of sensitization of the body, which was manifested in an increase in cases of the respiratory system and skin allergies (40% of the men (interventional workers: 58% 37-55-year-old; assistants: 26% 29-34-year-old; nurses: 16% 24-26-year-old age group representatives) and 48% of the women (interventional workers: 0%; assistant 0%; nurse 100% 28-35-year-old age group representatives). An increase in allergic reactions was noted (skin rashes in the form of small petechiae, burning and itching of the eyes, increased skin pigmentation, and allergic rhinitis were detected).

A Retrospective Analysis Of Ct Colonoscopy Of 7 Years Experience In A Clinical Practice

2023-02-22T16:07:32+04:00

Timely diagnosis of cancerous and non-cancerous colon diseases is one of the pressing issues of modern medicine. Colorectal cancer is a significant problem for the world population due to its high prevalence and mortality rates and the considerable financial costs associated with this disease, and its possible complications. CT colonography is a highly informative and less invasive imaging method of the large intestine. Despite worldwide implementation into clinical practice, especially in the USA and Western European countries, it is rarely used in Georgia. The study aims to increase the effectiveness of diagnosing pathologies of the large intestine in our country by promoting the widespread implementation of the CT colonography method in clinical practice and improving the techniques of conducting the study and interpreting the results. The study took place in the Batumi referral hospital, where CT colonography was introduced into clinical practice in 2015, after which it has been actively used and becoming more popular daily. The material was collected from May 15, 2015, to October 31, 2022. A total of 352 CT colonography were performed in the mentioned period. By analyzing the data of our examined patients and statistical processing, we obtained the following results: sensitivity of CT colonography in the diagnosis of congenital anomalies of the colon is 98.0%, specificity - 100%, diagnostic accuracy - 98.2%; in the diagnosis of diverticula, respectively: 92.3%, 95.1%, 92.7%; In the diagnosis of polyps: 87.3%, 85.6%, 85.9%. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that CT colonography is an accurate, highly informative, and less invasive method of colon examination; Colorectal cancer screening performed with it is less invasive, less timeconsuming, and as effective as optical colonoscopy; one of the most prominent advantages of CT colonography is the ability to detect non-intestinal pathologies. Improving the technical parameters of CT colonography will allow us to reduce radiation exposure levels for patients while maintaining image quality.